Reading technical chart of an automobile (part2)

Type of weights



kerb weight - It is the total weight of a vehicle with standard equipment, all necessary operating consumables such as motor oil, transmission oil, coolant, air conditioning refrigerant, and sometimes a full tank of fuel, while not loaded with either passengers or cargo.



Gross weight - Gross weight is the total weight of a shipment of goods, including their packaging such as crates, pallets etc.






Number of cylinders
The number of cylinders indicate the total no of cylinders that re available for combustion.



Bore – It may be defined as the diameter of the cylinder in which the piston travels .



Stroke – I t may be defined s the amount of length a pistion has to travel between the TDC and BDC



(TDC – top dead centre , BDC – bottom dead centre)







































Compression ratio
It can be defined as the ratio of the volume of its combustion chamberfrom its largest capacity to its smallest capacity
For example.
For example, a cylinder and its combustion chamber with the piston at the bottom of its stroke may contain 1000cc of air (900 cc in the cylinder plus 100 cc in the combustion chamber). When the piston has moved up to the top of its stroke inside the cylinder, and the remaining volume inside the head or combustion chamber has been reduced to 100cc, then the compression ratio would be proportionally described as 1000:100, or with fractional reduction, a 10:1 compression ratio.

Fuel Distribution

Single point fuel injection- Single-point injection (SPI) uses a single injector at the throttle body(the same location as was used by carburetors). Since the fuel passes through the intake runners (like a carburetor system), it is called a "wet manifold system".
Multipoint fuel injection
Multipoint fuel injection (also called PFI, port fuel injection) injects fuel into the intake ports just upstream of each cylinder's intake valve, rather than at a central point within an intake manifold. MPI systems can be sequential, in which injection is timed to coincide with each cylinder's intake stroke; batched, in which fuel is injected to the cylinders in groups, without precise synchronization to any particular cylinder's intake stroke; or simultaneous, in which fuel is injected at the same time to all the cylinders. The intake is only slightly wet, and typical fuel pressure runs between 40-60 psi.
Direct injection-
In a direct injection engine, fuel is injected into the combustion chamber as opposed to injection before the intake valve petrol engine) or a separate pre-combustion chamber (diesel engine).

Air Charging System

Naturally aspirated - A naturally aspirated engine is an internal combustion engine in which oxygen intake depends solely on atmospheric which does not rely on forced induction through a turbochargeror a supercharger. Many sports cars specifically use naturally aspirated engines to avoid turbo lag.

Turbocharged – A turbocharger, or colloquially turbo, is a turbine-driven forced induction device that increases an internal combustion engine's efficiency and power output by forcing extra air into the combustion chamber.

Supercharged – A supercharger is an air compressor that increases the pressure or density of air supplied to an internal combustion engine. This gives each intake cycle of the engine more oxygen, letting it burn more fuel and do more work, thus increasing power.

Emission

Bharat stage emission standards (BSES) are emission standards instituted by the Government of India to regulate the output of air pollutants from internal combustion enginesand Spark-ignition engines equipment, including motor vehicles.

BSIV – Bharat stage 4

further information can be viewed at

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharat_Stage_emission_standards

Source - google images

             wikipedia